Four-terminal phase-coherent conductance. Definition and measurement of the electrical and thermal resistances. Transport and optics in quantum wires fabricated by MBE overgrowth on the 〈110〉 cleaved edge. Reflectionless quantum transport and fundamental ballistic-resistance steps in microscopic constrictions. & Mazenko, G.) (World Scientific, Singapore, 1986). in Directions in Condensed Matter Physics (eds Grinstein, G. Electrical resistance of disordered one-dimensional lattices. Spatial variations of currents and fields due to localized scatterers in metallic conduction. in Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics (eds Craighead, H. Gershoni, D.) Th-P137 (World Scientific, Singapore, 1998). Nonuniversal conductance quantization in quantum wires. Reduction of quantized conductance at low temperature observed in 2 to 10 µm long quantum wires. Coherent electron focusing with quantum point contacts in a two-dimensional electron gas. One-dimensional transport and the quantisation of the ballistic resistance. Quantized conductance of point contacts in a two-dimensional electron gas. Tunneling hot electron transfer amplifiers (THETA): Amplifiers operating up to the infrared. 1, 566–613 (1900) Zur elektronentheori der metalles 2 Teil, Galvanomagnetische und thermomagnetisch effecte. Zur elektronentheori der metalles 1 Teil. Two weakly invasive voltage probes are attached to the central section of a ballistic quantum wire to measure the inherent resistance of this clean one-dimensional conductor.ĭrude, P. The measurements are conducted in the highly controlled geometry afforded by epitaxial growth onto the cleaved edge of a high-quality GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. ![]() This result contrasts the value of the standard two-probe resistance measurements of h/2 e 2≈ 13 kΩ. Here, we observe such vanishing four-terminal resistance in a single-mode ballistic quantum wire. Thus, in the absence of any scattering, the electrical resistance should vanish altogether. In a simple model, the accelerating force exerted on electrons by an applied electric field is balanced by a frictional force arising from their frequent collisions with obstacles such as impurities, grain boundaries or other deviations from a perfect crystalline order 1. The electrical resistance of a conductor is intimately related to the relaxation of the momentum of charge carriers.
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